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Edit File: maildropex.html
<?xml version="1.0"?> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><title>maildropex</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1"/><link rel="home" href="#idm255215660032" title="maildropex"/><link xmlns="" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="manpage.css"/><meta xmlns="" name="MSSmartTagsPreventParsing" content="TRUE"/><link xmlns="" rel="icon" href="icon.gif" type="image/gif"/><!-- Copyright 1998 - 2009 Double Precision, Inc. See COPYING for distribution information. --></head><body><div class="refentry"><a id="idm255215660032" shape="rect"> </a><div class="titlepage"/><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>maildropex — maildrop filtering language examples</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="informalexample"><p> <code class="filename">$HOME/.mailfilter</code>, <code class="filename">$HOME/.mailfilters/*</code> </p></div></div><div class="refsect1"><a id="idm255219820352" shape="rect"> </a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p> If <code class="filename">$HOME/.mailfilter</code> exists, filtering instructions in this file will be carried out prior to delivering the message. The filtering instructions may instruct <span class="command"><strong>maildrop</strong></span> to discard the message, save the message in a different mailbox, or forward the message to another address. If <code class="filename">$HOME/.mailfilter</code> does not exist, or does not provide explicit delivery instructions, <span class="command"><strong>maildrop</strong></span> delivers the message to the user's system mailbox.</p><p> The files in <code class="filename">$HOME/.mailfilters</code> are used when <span class="command"><strong>maildrop</strong></span> is invoked in embedded mode.</p></div><div class="refsect1"><a id="idm255214539600" shape="rect"> </a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2><p> Take all mail that's sent to the 'auto' mailing list, and save it in <code class="filename">Mail/auto</code>. The 'auto' mailing list software adds a "<code class="literal">Delivered-To: auto@domain.com</code>" header to all messages: </p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting" xml:space="preserve"> if (/^Delivered-To: *auto@domain\.com$/) to Mail/auto </pre></div></blockquote></div><p> After the <span class="command"><strong>to</strong></span> command delivers the message, <span class="command"><strong>maildrop</strong></span> automatically stops filtering and terminates without executing the subsequent instructions in the <code class="systemitem">filter file</code>.</p><p> Take all mail from <code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:boss@domain.com" shape="rect">boss@domain.com</a>></code> about the current project status, save it in <code class="filename">Mail/project</code>, then forward a copy to John:</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting" xml:space="preserve"> if (/^From: *boss@domain\.com/ \ && /^Subject:.*[:wbreak:]project status[:wbreak:]/) { cc "!john" to Mail/project } </pre></div></blockquote></div><p> Note that it is necessary to use a backslash in order to continue the <span class="command"><strong>if</strong></span> statement on the next line.</p><p> Keep copies of the last 50 messages that you received in the <code class="filename">maildir</code> directory 'backup'. NOTE: 'backup' must be a <code class="filename">maildir</code> directory, not a mailbox. You can create a <code class="filename">maildir</code> using the <span class="command"><strong>maildirmake</strong></span> command.</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting" xml:space="preserve"> cc backup `cd backup/new && rm -f dummy \`ls -t | sed -e 1,50d\`` </pre></div></blockquote></div><p> Put this at the beginning of your filter file, before any other filtering instructions. This is a good idea to have when you are learning <span class="command"><strong>maildrop</strong></span>. If you make a mistake and accidentally delete a message, you can recover it from the backup/new subdirectory.</p><p> Save messages that are at least 100 lines long (approximately) into <code class="filename">Mail/IN.Large:</code>:</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting" xml:space="preserve"> if ( $LINES > 100 ) to Mail/IN.Large </pre></div></blockquote></div><p> Send messages from the auto mailing list to the program 'archive', using a lock file to make sure that only one instance of the archive program will be running at the same time:</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting" xml:space="preserve"> if (/^Delivered-To: *auto@domain\.com$/) dotlock "auto.lock" { to "|archive" } </pre></div></blockquote></div><p> Check if the <code class="literal">Message-ID:</code> header in the message is identical to the same header that was recently seen. Discard the message if it is, otherwise continue to filter the message:</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting" xml:space="preserve"> `reformail -D 8000 duplicate.cache` if ( $RETURNCODE == 0 ) exit </pre></div></blockquote></div><p> The <a class="ulink" href="reformail.html" target="_top" shape="rect">reformail</a> command maintains a list of recently seen Message-IDs in the file <code class="filename">duplicate.cache</code>. </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> Unlike a similar feature in the <span class="command"><strong>formail</strong></span> command, <a class="ulink" href="reformail.html" target="_top" shape="rect">reformail</a> takes care of locking the file, so it's not necessary to implement your own locking mechanism for this option. </p></div><p> Here's a more complicated example. This fragment is intended to go right after the message has been filtered according to your regular rules, and just before the message should be saved in your mailbox:</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting" xml:space="preserve"> cc $DEFAULT xfilter "reformail -r -t" /^To:.*/ getaddr($MATCH) =~ /^.*/; MATCH=tolower($MATCH) flock "vacation.lock" { `fgrep -iqx "$MATCH" vacation.lst 2>/dev/null || { \ echo "$MATCH" >>vacation.lst ; \ exit 1 ; \ } ` } if ( $RETURNCODE == 0 ) exit to "| ( cat - ; echo ''; cat vacation.msg) | $SENDMAIL" </pre></div></blockquote></div><p> This code maintains a list of everyone who sent you mail in the file called <code class="filename">vacation.lst</code>. When a message is received from anyone that is not already on the list, the address is added to the list, and the contents of the file <code class="filename">vacation.msg</code> are mailed back to the sender. This is intended to reply notify people that you will not be answering mail for a short period of time.</p><p> The first statement saves the original message in your regular mailbox. Then, <a class="ulink" href="maildropfilter.html#xfilter" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="command"><strong>xfilter</strong></span></a> is used to generate an autoreply header to the sender. The <code class="literal">To:</code> header in the autoreply - which was the sender of the original message - is extracted, and the <a class="ulink" href="maildropfilter.html#getaddr" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="command"><strong>getaddr</strong></span></a> function is used to strip the person's name, leaving the address only. The file <code class="filename">vacation.lst</code> is checked, using a lock file to guarantee atomic access and update (overkill, probably). Note that the backslashes are required.</p><p> If the address is already in the file, <span class="command"><strong>maildrop</strong></span> exits, otherwise the contents of <code class="filename">vacation.msg</code> are appended to the autoreply header, and mailed out.</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> An easier to make a vacation script is with <a class="ulink" href="mailbot.html" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">mailbot</span>(1)</span></a>.</p></div><p> Here's a version of the vacation script that uses a GDBM database file instead. The difference between this script and the previous script is that the previous script will send a vacation message to a given E-mail address only once. The following script will store the time that the vacation message was sent in the GDBM file. If it's been at least a week since the vacation message has been sent to the given address, another vacation message will be sent.</p><p> Even though a GDBM database file is used, locking is still necessary because the GDBM library does not allow more than one process to open the same database file for writing:</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting" xml:space="preserve"> cc $DEFAULT xfilter "reformail -r -t" /^To:.*/ getaddr($MATCH) =~ /^.*/; MATCH=tolower($MATCH) flock "vacation.lock" { current_time=time; if (gdbmopen("vacation.dat", "C") == 0) { if ( (prev_time=gdbmfetch($MATCH)) ne "" && \ $prev_time >= $current_time - 60 * 60 * 24 * 7) { exit } gdbmstore($MATCH, $current_time) gdbmclose } } to "| ( cat - ; echo ''; cat vacation.msg) | $SENDMAIL" </pre></div></blockquote></div><p> This script requires that <span class="command"><strong>maildrop</strong></span> must be compiled with GDBM support enabled, which is done by default if GDBM libraries are present.</p><p> After you return from vacation, you can use a simple Perl script to obtain a list of everyone who sent you mail (of course, that can also be determined by examining your mailbox).</p></div><div class="refsect1"><a id="idm255214507504" shape="rect"> </a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2><p> <a class="ulink" href="maildrop.html" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">maildrop</span>(1)</span></a>, <a class="ulink" href="maildropfilter.html" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">maildropfilter</span>(7)</span></a>, <a class="ulink" href="reformail.html" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">reformail</span>(1)</span></a>, <a class="ulink" href="mailbot.html" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">mailbot</span>(1)</span></a>, <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">egrep</span>(1)</span>, <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">grep</span>(1)</span>, <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sendmail</span>(8)</span>. </p></div></div></body></html>